SameLatitude
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Cities at the same latitude as
Villa Presidente Frei

Villa Presidente Frei is at latitude -33.4607°. Here are the cities within ±0.5° of the same parallel. Nearby major cities on this latitude include Santiago (Chile), Maipú (Chile) and Puente Alto (Chile).

All cities at the same latitude as Villa Presidente Frei share nearly the same day length: about 11:39 today.

Map

The red band shows the latitude range · switch between relief and streets
Lat: -33.4607° Lng: -70.5802° Pop: 15,000 Time Zone: America/Santiago

Matching Cities

City Country Population Latitude
SydneyAustralia5,638,830-33.8679°
SantiagoChile4,837,295-33.4569°
Cape TownSouth Africa4,772,846-33.9258°
Puente AltoChile568,106-33.6117°
MaipúChile503,635-33.5142°
East LondonSouth Africa478,676-33.0153°
Central CoastAustralia346,596-33.4298°
Viña del MarChile334,248-33.0246°
KariegaSouth Africa291,052-33.7556°
ValparaísoChile282,448-33.0360°
ÑuñoaChile255,823-33.4474°
San BernardoChile249,858-33.5922°
PeñalolénChile241,599-33.4684°
PaarlSouth Africa236,910-33.7338°
QuilicuraChile210,410-33.3680°
La PintanaChile201,178-33.5833°
San LuisArgentina169,947-33.2914°
Río CuartoArgentina157,010-33.1304°
RencaChile147,151-33.4019°
ColinaChile146,207-33.2044°
San Nicolás de los ArroyosArgentina134,217-33.3343°
QuilpuéChile130,263-33.0475°
WorcesterSouth Africa127,597-33.6465°
Lo PradoChile104,316-33.4443°
LampaChile102,234-33.2863°
Villa AlemanaChile97,320-33.0482°
Villa MercedesArgentina96,781-33.6757°
StellenboschSouth Africa96,228-33.9346°
GrahamstownSouth Africa91,548-33.3042°
PergaminoArgentina91,399-33.8910°
San AntonioChile87,675-33.5947°
PeñaflorChile85,671-33.6063°
AtlantisSouth Africa82,736-33.5667°
San MartínArgentina82,549-33.0834°
GualeguaychúArgentina78,676-33.0078°
Blue MountainsAustralia78,121-33.7133°
BunburyAustralia76,452-33.3271°
Gobernador GálvezArgentina74,650-33.0302°
OudtshoornSouth Africa73,694-33.6005°
PaineChile72,759-33.8080°
Venado TuertoArgentina72,340-33.7459°
SaldanhaSouth Africa68,284-33.0117°
PittwaterAustralia63,482-33.6662°
BuinChile63,419-33.7326°
Padre HurtadoChile63,250-33.5684°
MelipillaChile63,100-33.6891°
KraaifonteinSouth Africa57,911-33.8481°
TalaganteChile57,323-33.6639°
WellingtonSouth Africa55,543-33.6398°
DurbanvilleSouth Africa54,286-33.8308°
San PedroArgentina47,452-33.6792°
BlacktownAustralia46,942-33.7667°
Kuils RiverSouth Africa46,685-33.9421°
LimacheChile46,121-33.0133°
Villa ConstituciónArgentina44,271-33.2280°
MercedesUruguay43,543-33.2524°
MalmesburySouth Africa43,009-33.4608°
OrangeAustralia41,920-33.2840°
CeresSouth Africa41,596-33.3689°
DuraznoUruguay40,279-33.3806°
PlacillaChile39,344-33.1144°
Castle HillAustralia39,284-33.7333°
TunuyánArgentina38,367-33.5813°
AuburnAustralia37,245-33.8500°
Baulkham HillsAustralia36,792-33.7588°
BathurstAustralia36,230-33.4167°
BaraderoArgentina35,389-33.8120°
BankstownAustralia34,933-33.9167°
RivadaviaArgentina34,830-33.1910°
RobertsonSouth Africa33,204-33.8034°
GualeguayArgentina33,120-33.1409°
CasildaArgentina32,002-33.0446°
LiverpoolAustralia31,078-33.9194°
Port AlfredSouth Africa30,981-33.5860°
MaroubraAustralia30,224-33.9500°
ParramattaAustralia30,211-33.8178°
RamalloArgentina29,964-33.4851°
MerrylandsAustralia29,508-33.8333°
Santa Vitória do PalmarBrazil29,483-33.5189°
RandwickAustralia28,943-33.9144°
MosmanAustralia27,844-33.8390°
KellyvilleAustralia27,676-33.7103°
BusseltonAustralia27,233-33.6525°
Quakers HillAustralia26,904-33.7333°
El MonteChile26,459-33.6797°
RydeAustralia26,385-33.8188°
Fray BentosUruguay26,297-33.1165°
MarrickvilleAustralia26,140-33.9074°
ColónArgentina26,067-33.8971°
Treinta y TresUruguay25,890-33.2310°
StrathfieldAustralia25,769-33.8810°
Sydney Central Business DistrictAustralia25,654-33.8648°
ChatswoodAustralia25,140-33.8000°
CasablancaChile24,537-33.3171°
CampsieAustralia24,487-33.9125°
PérezArgentina24,436-32.9984°
GreenacreAustralia24,361-33.9003°
CarlingfordAustralia24,131-33.7827°
AshfieldAustralia23,749-33.8883°
GreystanesAustralia23,511-33.8235°
EppingAustralia23,435-33.7727°
TrinidadUruguay22,897-33.5165°
Glenmore ParkAustralia22,863-33.7907°
HornsbyAustralia22,462-33.7024°
CabramattaAustralia21,634-33.8974°
Dee WhyAustralia21,145-33.7511°
WhyallaAustralia20,880-33.0327°
Arroyo SecoArgentina20,620-33.1537°
PunchbowlAustralia20,174-33.9289°
FranschhoekSouth Africa20,000-33.9108°
St ClairAustralia19,856-33.7973°
LidcombeAustralia19,791-33.8644°
BexleyAustralia19,664-33.9500°
PerdrielArgentina19,321-33.0749°
Seven HillsAustralia19,196-33.7833°
CherrybrookAustralia18,588-33.7220°
Rodeo del MedioArgentina18,574-32.9949°
Saint IvesAustralia18,384-33.7298°
CuracavíChile18,378-33.3976°
FirmatArgentina18,294-33.4594°
BurwoodAustralia18,224-33.8833°
MontaguSouth Africa18,182-33.7866°
CartagenaChile17,978-33.5538°
FairfieldAustralia17,932-33.8667°
YagoonaAustralia17,908-33.9049°
WestmeadAustralia17,835-33.8038°
EastwoodAustralia17,792-33.7918°
WahroongaAustralia17,652-33.7182°
EarlwoodAustralia17,592-33.9209°
Le RouxSouth Africa17,432-33.8906°
DoloresUruguay17,174-33.5301°
El QuiscoChile16,967-33.3977°
LakembaAustralia16,921-33.9197°
TupungatoArgentina16,893-33.3693°
BatucoChile16,784-33.2328°
GranvilleAustralia16,716-33.8406°
Mount DruittAustralia16,682-33.7667°
ChicureoChile16,520-33.2838°
Umina BeachAustralia16,413-33.5231°
ManlyAustralia16,170-33.7980°
West Pennant HillsAustralia16,162-33.7457°
GlenwoodAustralia16,040-33.7333°
AustralindAustralia15,988-33.2792°
MascotAustralia15,985-33.9260°
AshtonSouth Africa15,964-33.8314°
Surry HillsAustralia15,828-33.8837°
CasulaAustralia15,695-33.9522°
CranebrookAustralia15,649-33.7061°
RockdaleAustralia15,436-33.9500°
MoorreesburgSouth Africa15,428-33.1539°
KingsfordAustralia15,338-33.9240°
CoogeeAustralia15,333-33.9205°
PrestonsAustralia15,312-33.9419°
DysselsdorpSouth Africa15,029-33.5757°
KensingtonAustralia15,021-33.9202°
La PuntaArgentina15,000-33.1837°
Rooty HillAustralia14,821-33.7667°
NewtownAustralia14,820-33.8984°
FisantekraalSouth Africa14,819-33.7855°
WolseleySouth Africa14,533-33.4140°
Bossley ParkAustralia14,476-33.8618°
LeichhardtAustralia14,373-33.8834°
ConcordAustralia14,353-33.8472°
ToongabbieAustralia14,218-33.7833°
HankeySouth Africa14,091-33.8331°
RevesbyAustralia14,056-33.9500°
Port PirieAustralia13,896-33.1918°
EsperanceAustralia13,883-33.8592°
San CarlosArgentina13,678-33.7746°
La IslitaChile13,645-33.7500°
PyrmontAustralia13,549-33.8699°
MelkbosstrandSouth Africa13,542-33.7261°
KentonSouth Africa13,539-33.6667°
Dulwich HillAustralia13,536-33.9041°
North ParramattaAustralia13,394-33.7935°
DoonsideAustralia13,356-33.7667°
PenrithAustralia13,343-33.7500°
Frenchs ForestAustralia13,278-33.7482°
West RydeAustralia13,275-33.8054°
PadstowAustralia13,226-33.9569°
MarsfieldAustralia13,218-33.7778°
Isla de MaipoChile13,207-33.7468°
Prince AlbertSouth Africa13,136-33.2248°
RedfernAustralia13,072-33.8928°
NomathamasanqaSouth Africa12,815-33.5228°
Chester HillAustralia12,765-33.8790°
PaddingtonAustralia12,686-33.8842°
De DoornsSouth Africa12,679-33.4771°
ZetlandAustralia12,622-33.9075°
BelmoreAustralia12,596-33.9190°
OlmuéChile12,499-32.9958°
DarlingSouth Africa12,484-33.3782°
Green ValleyAustralia12,482-33.9029°
KingsgroveAustralia12,390-33.9393°
PananiaAustralia12,382-33.9537°
Lane CoveAustralia12,363-33.8157°
Potts PointAustralia12,168-33.8670°
AlexandriaSouth Africa12,084-33.6535°
DarlinghurstAustralia12,073-33.8794°
RiverwoodAustralia12,059-33.9473°
Bateau BayAustralia11,905-33.3833°
SmithfieldAustralia11,899-33.8500°
Kingswood ParkAustralia11,813-33.7665°
PymbleAustralia11,775-33.7439°
Bondi BeachAustralia11,733-33.8908°
CharlestownAustralia11,725-32.9683°
DrummoyneAustralia11,718-33.8524°
South PenrithAustralia11,691-33.7735°
TurramurraAustralia11,690-33.7334°
GladesvilleAustralia11,673-33.8333°
The PondsAustralia11,642-33.7023°
Toongabbie WestAustralia11,578-33.7833°
Winston HillsAustralia11,572-33.7765°
RoselandsAustralia11,528-33.9332°
GlebeAustralia11,525-33.8788°
Condell ParkAustralia11,523-33.9246°
La CarlotaArgentina11,490-33.4201°
Fairfield WestAustralia11,456-33.8667°
RhodesAustralia11,453-33.8266°
Lane Cove NorthAustralia11,345-33.8054°
CamperdownAustralia11,336-33.8897°
WentworthvilleAustralia11,328-33.8065°
TerrigalAustralia11,309-33.4482°
La ColoniaArgentina11,245-33.0989°
HinchinbrookAustralia11,220-33.9188°
eNduliSouth Africa11,203-33.3564°
CremorneAustralia11,069-33.8268°
NorthmeadAustralia11,042-33.7838°
Canley HeightsAustralia10,936-33.8826°
BonnievaleSouth Africa10,893-33.9322°
Mona ValeAustralia10,877-33.6776°
MamreSouth Africa10,840-33.5127°
North RydeAustralia10,827-33.7968°
TulbaghSouth Africa10,745-33.2860°
BotanyAustralia10,732-33.9460°
Woy WoyAustralia10,668-33.4843°
Bellevue HillAustralia10,599-33.8790°
ErmingtonAustralia10,550-33.8148°
CroydonAustralia10,546-33.8833°
ArncliffeAustralia10,523-33.9363°
KillaraAustralia10,451-33.7660°
JunínArgentina10,442-33.1465°
Kellyville RidgeAustralia10,395-33.7016°
BalmainAustralia10,305-33.8548°
Neutral BayAustralia10,250-33.8378°
AlgarroboChile10,217-33.3695°
San RoqueArgentina10,199-33.0289°
Canley ValeAustralia10,162-33.8866°
KirkwoodSouth Africa10,148-33.3983°
Wiley ParkAustralia10,098-33.9242°
Beverly HillsAustralia10,090-33.9480°
BontrugSouth Africa10,057-33.3979°
RosebankSouth Africa10,000-33.9556°
CowraAustralia9,996-33.8355°
West HoxtonAustralia9,978-33.9339°
LangebaanSouth Africa9,940-33.0975°
WyomingAustralia9,927-33.4039°
Mount PritchardAustralia9,926-33.9030°
Rose BayAustralia9,915-33.8688°
RosevilleAustralia9,908-33.7833°
BondiAustralia9,891-33.8943°
Corral de BustosArgentina9,882-33.2838°
Nueva PalmiraUruguay9,857-33.8703°
ParkesAustralia9,832-33.1372°
Edensor ParkAustralia9,739-33.8797°
TouwsrivierSouth Africa9,735-33.3383°
Justo DaractArgentina9,680-33.8606°
ChuiUruguay9,675-33.6979°
Bondi JunctionAustralia9,649-33.8928°
MoorebankAustralia9,621-33.9437°
LindfieldAustralia9,616-33.7833°
HaymarketAustralia9,587-33.8787°
La ConsultaArgentina9,563-33.7339°
La PazArgentina9,559-33.4617°
SaronSouth Africa9,396-33.1808°
ArtarmonAustralia9,392-33.8167°
Hunters HillAustralia9,357-33.8343°
BeecroftAustralia9,290-33.7495°
Kings LangleyAustralia9,286-33.7501°
LurneaAustralia9,282-33.9354°
AnnandaleAustralia9,259-33.8833°
Bass HillAustralia9,229-33.8986°
KlapmutsSouth Africa9,229-33.8111°
Five DockAustralia9,218-33.8674°
PlumptonAustralia9,208-33.7518°
VaucluseAustralia9,205-33.8555°
WillowmoreSouth Africa9,199-33.2927°
El TaboChile9,133-33.4555°
Stanhope GardensAustralia9,084-33.7221°
Macquarie ParkAustralia9,054-33.7811°
NewportAustralia9,048-33.6564°
Georges HallAustralia9,007-33.9088°
Vicuña MackennaArgentina8,994-33.9182°
Chipping NortonAustralia8,981-33.9180°
BeralaAustralia8,974-33.8720°
Beaumont HillsAustralia8,944-33.6999°
North BondiAustralia8,926-33.8879°
Wattle GroveAustralia8,885-33.9544°
KelsoAustralia8,798-33.4167°
BelroseAustralia8,714-33.7395°
DalyellupAustralia8,707-33.4084°
BonnyriggAustralia8,697-33.8936°
FreshwaterAustralia8,584-33.7787°
RozelleAustralia8,542-33.8614°
LadismithSouth Africa8,539-33.4933°
Homebush WestAustralia8,521-33.8627°
Brighton-Le-SandsAustralia8,515-33.9601°
ForbesAustralia8,481-33.3844°
PortervilleSouth Africa8,455-33.0182°
Emu PlainsAustralia8,395-33.7500°
ThornleighAustralia8,395-33.7323°
SpringwoodAustralia8,358-33.7000°
CanalsArgentina8,343-33.5622°
WollstonecraftAustralia8,329-33.8328°
ColytonAustralia8,285-33.7828°
KatoombaAustralia8,268-33.7198°
GorokanAustralia8,211-33.2576°
Berkeley ValeAustralia8,198-33.3500°
ForestvilleAustralia8,185-33.7667°
EatonAustralia8,166-33.3166°
Prince Alfred HamletSouth Africa8,159-33.3039°
Coronel MoldesArgentina8,104-33.6220°
AlexandriaAustralia8,075-33.8999°
West BusseltonAustralia8,072-33.6579°
South BunburyAustralia8,071-33.3491°
Bella VistaAustralia8,056-33.7413°
North SydneyAustralia8,055-33.8390°
NarrabeenAustralia8,049-33.7128°
PetershamAustralia8,040-33.8946°
North RocksAustralia7,899-33.7722°
Rouse HillAustralia7,877-33.6821°
ErskinevilleAustralia7,856-33.9025°
NararaAustralia7,841-33.3959°
Fray Luis BeltránArgentina7,813-33.0069°
ChippendaleAustralia7,803-33.8867°
BalgowlahAustralia7,768-33.7949°
CollaroyAustralia7,730-33.7321°
MarayongAustralia7,675-33.7482°
LilyfieldAustralia7,641-33.8750°
Lalor ParkAustralia7,637-33.7609°
BathurstSouth Africa7,630-33.4998°
StanmoreAustralia7,619-33.8941°
Margaret RiverAustralia7,571-33.9550°
GordonAustralia7,567-33.7554°
CromerAustralia7,515-33.7312°
Fairfield HeightsAustralia7,512-33.8645°
Warners BayAustralia7,504-32.9725°
DuralAustralia7,493-33.6833°
AddoSouth Africa7,475-33.5483°
JoubertinaSouth Africa7,472-33.8255°
HopefieldSouth Africa7,457-33.0626°
Calera de TangoChile7,448-33.6224°
UltimoAustralia7,410-33.8772°
CollieAustralia7,396-33.3621°
Beacon HillAustralia7,308-33.7528°
Bonnyrigg HeightsAustralia7,300-33.8912°
BlaxlandAustralia7,288-33.7500°
Summer HillAustralia7,287-33.8915°
WoollahraAustralia7,278-33.8878°
WarriewoodAustralia7,265-33.6886°
SampachoArgentina7,238-33.3845°
CanterburyAustralia7,200-33.9119°
Pennant HillsAustralia7,199-33.7378°
RiverstoneAustralia7,191-33.6833°
Sarandí del YiUruguay7,176-33.3500°
Pendle HillAustralia7,150-33.8040°
Cabramatta WestAustralia7,138-33.8930°
Killarney ValeAustralia7,103-33.3632°
BelmontAustralia7,079-33.0274°
SeaforthAustralia6,998-33.8015°
OakhurstAustralia6,978-33.7388°
LascanoUruguay6,976-33.6724°
Mount ColahAustralia6,974-33.6833°
Bathurst city centreAustralia6,949-33.4182°
Wentworth PointAustralia6,937-33.8308°
AriasArgentina6,928-33.6404°
Cecil HillsAustralia6,924-33.8892°
Monte MaízArgentina6,920-33.2042°
EastlakesAustralia6,884-33.9320°
Cruz AltaArgentina6,862-33.0080°
CammerayAustralia6,854-33.8213°
Allambie HeightsAustralia6,844-33.7666°
LaingsburgSouth Africa6,789-33.1950°
HomebushAustralia6,787-33.8667°
Whyalla NorrieAustralia6,760-33.0290°
Santo DomingoChile6,696-33.6362°
PatersonSouth Africa6,687-33.4406°
La TomaArgentina6,663-33.0535°
Cambridge ParkAustralia6,646-33.7478°
Wolli CreekAustralia6,614-33.9313°
ChuíBrazil6,605-33.6911°
Whyalla StuartAustralia6,605-33.0249°
RydalmereAustralia6,571-33.8145°
BronteAustralia6,553-33.9020°
Merrylands WestAustralia6,536-33.8327°
Los BarrialesArgentina6,517-33.0997°
NarraweenaAustralia6,498-33.7552°
HaberfieldAustralia6,480-33.8830°
WilloughbyAustralia6,451-33.8049°
Adelia MaríaArgentina6,434-33.6322°
WoodcroftAustralia6,423-33.7564°
Green PointAustralia6,405-33.4440°
GlenhavenAustralia6,402-33.7000°
Long JettyAustralia6,399-33.3592°
Erskine ParkAustralia6,393-33.8130°
Concord WestAustralia6,378-33.8481°
WamberalAustralia6,378-33.4155°
St LeonardsAustralia6,343-33.8234°
South WentworthvilleAustralia6,336-33.8185°
Bligh ParkAustralia6,322-33.6399°
Blue HavenAustralia6,313-33.2111°
KariongAustralia6,305-33.4397°
PatensieSouth Africa6,304-33.7601°
BelfieldAustralia6,295-33.9035°
Hamlyn TerraceAustralia6,248-33.2513°
Hornsby HeightsAustralia6,204-33.6713°
LarroqueArgentina6,200-33.0351°
NorthbridgeAustralia6,183-33.8131°
Belmont NorthAustralia6,168-33.0208°
Ropes CrossingAustralia6,151-33.7328°
Sarandí GrandeUruguay6,130-33.7333°
St Johns ParkAustralia6,119-33.8830°
Wetherill ParkAustralia6,104-33.8428°
VillawoodAustralia6,067-33.8843°
Manly ValeAustralia6,057-33.7846°
WinmaleeAustralia6,057-33.6785°
KareedouwSouth Africa5,972-33.9528°
Wentworth FallsAustralia5,928-33.7103°
WhalanAustralia5,913-33.7570°
WaitaraAustralia5,874-33.7109°
Warwick FarmAustralia5,864-33.9129°
GreenwichAustralia5,860-33.8395°
North NarrabeenAustralia5,855-33.7094°
South WindsorAustralia5,855-33.6181°
LouterwaterSouth Africa5,785-33.8001°
NaremburnAustralia5,772-33.8170°
SeftonAustralia5,757-33.8877°
NewingtonAustralia5,741-33.8349°
Harris ParkAustralia5,738-33.8229°
Riebeek-KasteelSouth Africa5,704-33.3845°
FairlightAustralia5,695-33.7958°
San José de MaipoChile5,675-33.6391°
TorontoAustralia5,670-33.0136°
HebershamAustralia5,660-33.7458°
Chañar LadeadoArgentina5,639-33.3252°
NarweeAustralia5,636-33.9465°
TiltilChile5,632-33.0831°
MinchinburyAustralia5,627-33.7872°
OatlandsAustralia5,598-33.7960°
ZoarSouth Africa5,582-33.4956°
PeddieSouth Africa5,580-33.2006°
EleebanaAustralia5,548-32.9896°
GirraweenAustralia5,537-33.7990°
Khaya MnandiSouth Africa5,500-33.8263°
LabordeArgentina5,492-33.1548°
JamisontownAustralia5,485-33.7680°
South GranvilleAustralia5,484-33.8586°
South CoogeeAustralia5,421-33.9311°
UniondaleSouth Africa5,421-33.6590°
RichmondAustralia5,418-33.5996°
ValentineAustralia5,417-33.0150°
TelopeaAustralia5,413-33.7928°
HillsdaleAustralia5,412-33.9515°
CooranbongAustralia5,377-33.0762°
Dundas ValleyAustralia5,374-33.7883°
AbbotsfordAustralia5,316-33.8489°
Las HiguerasArgentina5,282-33.0939°
Elizabeth BayAustralia5,270-33.8718°
Fairfield EastAustralia5,241-33.8694°
NormanhurstAustralia5,211-33.7237°
Riebeek WestSouth Africa5,211-33.3505°
West PymbleAustralia5,211-33.7667°
KylemoreSouth Africa5,185-33.9152°
Middleton GrangeAustralia5,181-33.9170°
Berowra HeightsAustralia5,162-33.6121°
WoongarrahAustralia5,147-33.2413°
LanguedocSouth Africa5,138-33.8973°
Pérez MillánArgentina5,137-33.7702°
CalitzdorpSouth Africa5,133-33.5276°
GlendenningAustralia5,131-33.7483°
Lake MunmorahAustralia5,128-33.1972°
LithgowAustralia5,125-33.4845°
José Pedro VarelaUruguay5,118-33.4545°
Jordan SpringsAustralia5,111-33.7214°
Greenfield ParkAustralia5,078-33.8746°
LisarowAustralia5,036-33.3833°
Carey ParkAustralia5,001-33.3488°
ThornhillSouth Africa5,000-33.8951°

About latitude comparisons

When comparing cities at the same latitude, such as Villa Presidente Frei and its global counterparts, it is important to remember that while they share identical daylight hours and similar solar angles throughout the year, their climates may differ drastically. Factors including elevation, proximity to oceans, and dominant wind patterns shape the local environment just as much as solar positioning.

The results shown here are cities located within ±0.5 degrees of Villa Presidente Frei's parallel (-33.4607°), which covers roughly 55 kilometers (34 miles) north or south of its exact coordinate.

Frequently asked questions

How close are these cities to Villa Presidente Frei’s latitude?

Each listed city has a stored latitude between -33.96069° and -32.96069°, the ±0.5° matching band around Villa Presidente Frei.

Does this map show exact city boundaries?

No. Map markers and latitude values use city reference coordinates. They help compare locations on a parallel, but do not represent municipal boundaries.

Do these cities share the same climate?

Not necessarily. Latitude is only one influence on climate; altitude, coastlines, ocean currents and local terrain also matter.